![]() ![]() Deeper tones show the “dip” where one stratum-a particular layer of rock-overlays another, giving an almost three-dimensional effect, so that the colors roll like waves across the land. The map is an object of great beauty, its array of thirty-four tints identifying different types of rock, clay, and sand: vivid green for the chalk downs, tawny red for the clay of Fuller’s Earth, purple for slate-colors that are still used today on maps for the British Geological Survey. Its scope was ambitious, as his long, practical-poetic title suggests: A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of Scotland exhibiting the collieries and mines, the marshes and fen lands originally overflowed by the sea, and the varieties of soil according to the variations in the substrata, illustrated by the most descriptive names. In 1815 William Smith published the first detailed geological map of an entire country. William Smith: A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of Scotland, 1815 Compare Blacksmith.Oxford University Museum of Natural History It is also the most common surname among Native Americans. In most cases however the surname Smith was probably chosen because it is the most common (English) surname in North America (see 1 above). Native American: from English smith adopted as an occupational name for a smith often as a translation into English of a personal name based on an equivalent occupational name from any of the Native American languages such as Navajo atsidí ‘smith’ (see Atcitty). Americanized form (translation into English or assimilation) of various European surnames meaning ‘smith’ or ‘blacksmith’ for example German and Jewish Schmidt Dutch Flemish and North German Smit Ukrainian Rusyn or other Slavic Koval Slovak Kováč Slovenian Serbian and Croatian Kovač (see Kovac) and Jewish Kuznetz (see Kuznetsov). Irish and Scottish: sometimes adopted for Gaelic Mac Gobhann Irish Mac Gabhann ‘son of the smith’. The surname may be topographic for someone who lived in or by a blacksmith's shop occupational for someone who worked in one or habitational from a place so named such as Smitha in King's Nympton (Devon). English: from Middle English smithe ‘smithy forge’ (Old English smiththe). This surname (in any of the two possible English senses see also below) is also found in Haiti. It is very common among African Americans and Native Americans (see also 5 below). ![]() This is also the most frequent of all surnames in the US. Medieval smiths were important not only in making horseshoes plowshares and other domestic articles but above all for their skill in forging swords other weapons and armor. Metal-working was one of the earliest occupations for which specialist skills were required and its importance ensured that this term and its equivalents in other languages were the most widespread of all occupational surnames in Europe. Early examples are also found in the Latin form Faber. Surname meaning for Smith English and Scottish: occupational name denoting a worker in metal especially iron such as a blacksmith or farrier from Middle English smith ‘smith’ (Old English smith probably a derivative of smītan ‘to strike hammer’). ![]()
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